Farm Subsidy Programs

All 157 USDA farm subsidy programs ranked by total amount from 2017 to 2025.

💡 Emergency Dominance

Emergency and ad-hoc programs (CFAP, MFP, disaster relief) now account for more spending than traditional programs like CRP and ARC/PLC in many years — a fundamental shift in how farm subsidies work.

💡 Program Concentration

The top 10 programs account for $103.60B —70% of all spending — while 147 other programs share the remaining 30%.

Top 15 Programs

#	Program	Payments	Amount
1	CRP Annual Rental	6,291,255	$15.72B
2	CFAP Round 2	1,072,969	$14.23B
3	Price Loss Coverage Program	5,390,462	$14.19B
4	Market Facilitation Program 2019	1,718,751	$13.55B
5	Emergency Commodity Assistance Program	1,144,399	$9.36B
6	Agriculture Risk Coverage (County)	5,724,854	$9.19B
7	Market Facilitation Program (Crops)	967,735	$8.21B
8	Livestock Forage Program	1,064,270	$7.00B
9	Emergency Relief Program	597,814	$6.56B
10	CFAP CARES Act	932,273	$5.60B
11	Supp Disaster Relief Non-Spec Crops 1	401,315	$5.40B
12	Cfapcccca	1,180,783	$5.15B
13	Cfap3 — Tup	603,469	$4.35B
14	Whip Plus 3 Assistance	372,046	$2.49B
15	Dairy Margin Coverage	505,892	$2.44B
16	Marketing Assistance For Specialty Crops	98,911	$1.89B
17	Emerg Assist Livestock Bees Fish (Elap)	78,040	$1.81B
18	Emrgncy Relief Program Trk 1-Nonspclty Crps	183,058	$1.38B
19	Emergency Relief Program-Speciality Crops	49,889	$1.18B
20	Cfap3 — Ltu	367,264	$1.11B
21	Emergency Livestock Relief Program-2023-24	347,755	$1.04B
22	Non-Insured Assistance Program	158,310	$992.1M
23	Emergency Relief Program 2	20,069	$886.8M
24	Market Access Program	7,607	$859.7M
25	Emergency Livestock Relief Program	207,412	$725.3M
26	Emrgncy Relief Program Trk 2-Nonspclty Crps	32,523	$652.0M
27	TMP/MFP 2019 Livestock	89,983	$575.4M
28	Price Loss Coverage	313,511	$522.3M
29	Supp Disaster Relief Spec Crops 1	22,134	$521.4M
30	Wildfires And Hurricanes Indemnity Program	15,081	$497.4M
31	Emergency Livestock Relief Program — Caa	413,289	$471.7M
32	Agricultural Risk Coverage — Individual	137,008	$444.5M
33	Nap Regular Web-Based	18,196	$416.8M
34	Ecpcof	17,445	$367.3M
35	Web-Based Nap	59,905	$355.8M
36	Market Facilitation Program — Dahg	60,478	$354.6M
37	Wildfires & Hurricanes Indemnity Program	4	$340.0M
38	Dis/Wh2 2019 Wfhurrindemp	16,517	$336.5M
39	TMP/MFP 2019 Speciality Crops	37,457	$335.1M
40	Seafood Trade Relief Program	11,755	$291.7M
41	Dairy Margin Coverage Program	73,927	$288.1M
42	Whip — Sugar Beet Cooperatives	7	$285.0M
43	Margin Protection Program — Dairy	143,551	$266.9M
44	Cfapcares2.1	7,307	$252.5M
45	Rice Production Program	24,280	$243.9M
46	Quality Loss Adjustment Program	24,890	$242.8M
47	Erfmcfsof	4,441	$220.2M
48	Livestock Forage Disaster Program (Cof)	34,539	$219.6M
49	Cotton Ginning Cost Share Program	38,027	$215.5M
50	Livestock Indeminity Payments Program	17,177	$206.5M
51	Pandemic Assistance Revenue Program	36,305	$195.9M
52	Ecp Cost Share Fy 2018	23,727	$192.3M
53	Livestock Indemnity Program	28,515	$185.3M
54	CRP Cost-Share Web-Based — Cof	88,726	$182.2M
55	Emrgncy Relief Program Track 2-Speclty Crps	6,824	$181.0M
56	Wecpcscof	9,801	$162.5M
57	Pandemic Asst-Timber Harvesters/Haulers	7,527	$152.8M
58	Emrgncy Relief Program Track 1-Speclty Crps	9,734	$133.3M
59	Tree Assistance Program	4,445	$126.8M
60	Cfapcares2	6,518	$105.7M
61	Ecp Financial Assistance Cof	2,572	$104.5M
62	CRP — Continuous Pip	82,663	$103.3M
63	ARC Program-County Coverage	60,693	$100.0M
64	Dmc Program-Supplemental	54,047	$83.8M
65	Market Facilitation Program-Specialty Crops	6,240	$78.3M
66	Emergency Conservation Program Stafford	15,025	$73.6M
67	Emergency Grain Storage Facility Asstnce	1,034	$73.0M
68	Spot Market Hog Pandemic Program	2,006	$64.4M
69	TMP/MFP 2019 Non-Speciality Crops-A	46,678	$61.2M
70	Emergency Conservation Program Fy17	19,943	$58.7M
71	Grasslands Reserve Program	15,341	$58.6M
72	Wecpcof	2,633	$55.1M
73	Organic Dairy Marketing Assistance Program	4,361	$53.2M
74	Ecpsfcof	1,556	$48.3M
75	Emergency Conservation Program	5,718	$46.2M
76	Ecp/Hmc Cost Share Fy19	8,032	$43.7M
77	Biofuel Infrastructure Program	43	$42.2M
78	CRP Transition Incentives Program	5,965	$37.5M
79	Pandemic Livestock Indemnity Program	260	$35.5M
80	Technical Assistance — Specialty Crops	378	$21.8M
81	Wecp17of	885	$17.1M
82	Agricultural Risk Coverage -County Pilot	11,327	$14.2M
83	Farm Ranchers Program	5,247	$14.1M
84	CRP Forest Management Incentive	2,606	$13.5M
85	Ccc Organic Cost Share — Crops	21,472	$12.1M
86	Efrp Cost Share-American Relief Act 2025	86	$11.2M
87	Indemnity Payment — Dairy	103	$10.9M
88	CRP — Emergency Forestry Annual Rental	3,830	$8.5M
89	Geographic Disadvantaged Program	3,740	$7.9M
90	Coronavirus Aid, Ccc Charter Act (Olp)	54	$7.2M
91	Erp/Hmc Cost Share Fy19	495	$6.5M
92	Dipp Web-Based	36	$6.0M
93	Whip 791	81	$5.5M
94	ARC Program Individual Coverage	1,943	$5.2M
95	Emergency Forest Restoration Stafford	396	$4.0M
96	Emergency Forestry Restoration Program	359	$3.6M
97	Oriental Fruit Fly	51	$3.5M
98	Efrp Cost Share Stfrd Distr-Oblig Frmwrk	126	$3.3M
99	Organic & Transitional Edu & Cert Program	11,078	$3.3M
100	Dcp — Direct	2,327	$3.3M
101	Ccc Organic Cost Share Fees — Handling	5,738	$3.2M
102	Economic Adjustment Assist-Upland Cotton	32	$2.9M
103	Ccc Organic Cost Share — Livestock	5,766	$2.8M
104	CRP — Tree Thinning Incentive Program	849	$2.5M
105	Efpstacsof	70	$2.4M
106	Milk Loss Program	116	$2.3M
107	Ecp Huricns Harvey/Irma/Maria-Cstshrfy18	148	$1.9M
108		18	$1.7M
109	Efrpcsof	19	$1.7M
110	CRP Clear30 Maint Program	711	$1.5M
111	Dairy Margin Coverage-Supp	4,214	$1.4M
112	Biomass Crop Assist Collection Match Pay	118	$1.3M
113	Biomass Crop Assistance-Technical Assist	28	$1.1M
114	Food Safety Certfctn-Speciality Crops	702	$1.1M
115	Margin Protection — Dairy	307	$1.1M
116	CRP Practice Incentives Payment	12,957	$1.0M
117	Cares Act (Olp)	13	$922K
118	CRP — Chesapeake Bay Incentive	366	$888K
119	Supplemental Revenue Assistance Program	18	$831K
120	Cotton Transition Assistance Program	592	$800K
121	Acreage Grazing Payments — Wheat	873	$759K
122	Biomass Crop Assistance — Annual Rental	269	$743K
123	Chesapeake Bay Incentive	257	$740K
124	Whip 3	19	$727K
125	CRP Forest Inventory Pilot Program	12	$719K
126	Non-Insured Assistance Program Authorized	17	$629K
127	Efrp Sandy Stafford Cost Share	41	$438K
128	Average Crop Revenue Election-Direct	301	$384K
129	Wml/Wml 19 Whip Milk Loss	63	$378K
130	Tascp	5	$277K
131	Ama Organic Cost Share — Crops	369	$204K
132	Ecp Private Sector Technical Asstnce Cof	42	$183K
133	Dcp — Counter Cyclical	40	$112K
134	Ccc Organic Cost Share — Wild Crops	243	$107K
135	Organic Cost Share Fees- St Org Pgm Fees	218	$91K
136	Livestock Forage Disaster Program	18	$88K
137	Average Crop Revenue Election-Acre	40	$57K
138	Bcap Annual Rental Web Based	13	$56K
139	CRP Honey Bee Incentive Paymnts	19	$53K
140	Ama Organic Cost Share — Livestock	111	$49K
141	Biomass Crop Assistance — Cost-Share	12	$47K
142	Ecp Private Sector Technical Assistance	11	$41K
143	Income Loss — Milk, Part 2	4	$36K
144	Organic &Amp; Transitional Edu &Amp; Cert Program	132	$35K
145	Average Crop Revenue Election — Direct	16	$33K
146	Acreage Grazing Payments — Triticale	30	$29K
147	CRP — Emergency Forestry Cost Share	7	$25K
148	Dmc Program-Supplemental Olp	1	$24K
149	Agriculture Risk Coverage-Co-Manual	8	$10K
150	Pecan Trees — Addtnl Suplmntl Approp	7	$9K
151	Ttpp — Tobacco Flue Cured	2	$6K
152	Grassland Reserve Program-Annual Rental	3	$2K
153	ARC Program-County Pilot Coverage	10	$2K
154	Ttpp — Tobacco Burley	7	$2K
155	Tree Assistance Program — Pecan	3	$2K
156	Price Loss Coverage-Manual	1	$464
157	Ama Organic Cost Share — Wild Crops	1	$309

Understanding Farm Subsidy Programs

The USDA Farm Service Agency administers 157 distinct subsidy programs, ranging from traditional commodity price supports to emergency disaster payments. Over the 9-year period from 2017 to 2025, these programs distributed $147.29B across 31,759,593 individual payments.

The landscape of farm subsidies shifted dramatically after 2017. Trade war tariffs in 2018-2019 triggered the Market Facilitation Program (MFP), and the COVID-19 pandemic led to the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP) in 2020 — the largest single-year farm subsidy payout in U.S. history. These emergency programs now rival or exceed traditional conservation and commodity programs.

Click any program to see its state-by-state breakdown and per-payment analysis. See our program categories for a grouped view, or explore spending trends to see how programs evolved over time.