The 10 Most Surprising Farm Subsidy Recipients

State disaster agencies, DC trade groups, sugar cooperatives, and a fish company — the recipients you'd never expect to find in the USDA farm subsidy database.

February 2026 · Data from USDA Farm Service Agency, 2017–2025

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1

Florida Dept of Emergency Management

🏛️ Government Agency

Tallahassee, FL · Wildfires & Hurricanes Indemnity Program

$346.6M6 payments

A state disaster agency — not a farmer — is the #1 farm subsidy recipient in America. $346.6M across just 6 payments, all hurricane/wildfire relief funneled through the state.

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2

Cotton Council International

🏢 Trade Association

Washington, DC · Market Access Program

$69.0M66 payments

A DC-based trade lobbying group collecting $69M in taxpayer money to promote US cotton exports abroad. Not a single cotton plant grown.

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3

The Western Sugar Cooperative

🏭 Processing Cooperative

Denver, CO · WHIP — Sugar Beet Cooperatives

$69.0M1 payment

$69M in a single payment to a sugar beet processing company. One check, one program, one cooperative.

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4

Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative

🏭 Processing Cooperative

Moorhead, MN · WHIP — Sugar Beet Cooperatives

$53.0M1 payment

Another sugar cooperative, another single massive payment. Two sugar companies together collected $122M from a single program.

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5

Food Export Association of the Midwest USA

🏢 Trade Association

Chicago, IL · Market Access Program

$47.0M556 payments

A Chicago-based nonprofit promoting food exports. $47M over 556 payments — averaging $85K per payment to market American food overseas.

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6

Minn-Dak Farmers Cooperative

🏭 Processing Cooperative

Wahpeton, ND · WHIP — Sugar Beet Cooperatives

$46.0M1 payment

The third sugar beet cooperative on this list. Together, three sugar companies collected $168M from hurricane relief — more than most states' entire farm subsidy totals.

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7

Agrifund LLC

💼 Agricultural LLC

Multiple, TX/LA · Price Loss Coverage / MFP

$87.0M9,113 payments

A single LLC entity appearing in multiple states — Texas and Louisiana — collecting $87M combined across 9,000+ payments. The scale suggests a major agricultural finance operation, not a family farm.

8

US Grains Council

🏢 Trade Association

Washington, DC · Market Access Program

$38.0M125 payments

Yet another DC trade group collecting millions to promote grain exports. The Market Access Program spent $38M here on marketing, not farming.

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9

State of Alaska

🏛️ Government Agency

Juneau, AK · Market Access Program

$20.0M64 payments

Alaska — not exactly known for its farmland — collecting $20M in farm subsidies to promote seafood exports through the Market Access Program.

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10

R&G Fish, LLC

🐟 Aquaculture

Brownsville, TX · Emergency Assist Livestock Bees Fish (ELAP)

$12.0M2 payments

A fish company collecting $12M in farm subsidies across just 2 payments. The program name says it all: "Emergency Assist Livestock Bees Fish."

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What This Tells Us

Farm subsidies aren't just for farmers. Government agencies, trade associations, processing cooperatives, and LLCs collectively receive billions. The system serves a much wider network than the “family farmer” narrative suggests.

The Market Access Program is a marketing budget. At least 4 of our top 10 surprising recipients collect from MAP — a program that uses taxpayer money to promote agricultural exports. These payments go to DC trade groups for marketing campaigns, not to farmers for growing food.

Sugar gets special treatment. Three sugar beet cooperatives collected $168M combined, most of it in single massive payments through the WHIP program. The sugar industry's political influence is well-documented — and the subsidy data confirms it.

Single-payment windfalls distort the data. Several recipients received tens of millions in a single payment. When one check can equal what thousands of small farmers receive collectively, the “average subsidy” becomes meaningless.

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All data from USDA Farm Service Agency payment files, 2017–2025. Amounts are combined across all program years. Some recipients appear in multiple states. See methodology.